Justice-involved families in India are underserved despite concurrent challenges including inadequate penal systems and widespread poverty. Families provide emotional and financial support to incarcerated individuals—burdens that fall upon female kin who are underresourced. Women experiencing spousal incarceration in India are likely to be from marginalized sections of society, vulnerable to co-occurring forms of oppression, making intersectional feminism a suitable theoretical framework to contextualize their lives. Through consistent interactions with the carceral institution, these women become integrated in the prison culture, experiencing secondary prisonization. Intersectional feminism helps understand variations in secondary prisonization for women inhabiting different social locations. However, this population remains understudied. We bridge the gap by building a contextualized understanding of this population using intersectional feminism, by attending to scholarship that illustrates sources of marginalization including exploitive informal work, a minoritized caste identity, and a minoritized religious identity. We offer recommendations for theory and research.

中文翻译：

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处于边缘的女性：印度的配偶监禁经历

尽管同时存在包括刑罚制度不完善和普遍贫困在内的挑战，但印度涉及司法的家庭得不到充分服务。家庭为被监禁的人提供情感和经济支持——负担落在资源不足的女性亲属身上。在印度经历配偶监禁的女性很可能来自社会边缘化阶层，容易受到同时发生的压迫形式的影响，这使得交叉女权主义成为一个合适的理论框架，可以将她们的生活背景化。通过与监狱机构的持续互动，这些妇女融入了监狱文化，经历了二次监禁。交叉女权主义有助于理解居住在不同社会地点的女性在二级监狱中的变化。然而，这一人口仍未得到充分研究。我们通过使用交叉女权主义建立对这一人群的情境化理解来弥合差距，通过参加说明边缘化来源的奖学金，包括剥削性的非正式工作、少数种姓身份和少数宗教身份。我们为理论和研究提供建议。