Nonprofit organizations increasingly compete for limited resources and recognize volunteers as vital assets. That said, which nonprofits are more successful in harnessing volunteers than others and enlisting more volunteers while responding to environmental changes? Guided by the resource-based theory, this study theorizes that a nonprofit's human, social, and financial resource management competencies relate to its volunteer use. Also, applying contingent resource-based theory extends our theoretical arguments as to why a nonprofit needs to develop its resource management competencies for the use of volunteers facing a community's financial hardship. Our zero-inflated negative binomial analysis using the IRS 990 and U.S. Census data (2010–2012) finds that (1) a nonprofit's higher human, social, and financial resource management competencies have an important influence on using volunteers, and (2) a nonprofit having higher financial resource management competencies can use more volunteers when its community experiences economic hardship. These findings pinpoint that volunteer use is not separable from organizational holistic resource management competencies and suggest that turbulent environments can cause a significant shift in the management competencies required for volunteer use.

中文翻译：

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非营利组织在困难时期的志愿者和资源管理能力

非营利组织日益争夺有限的资源，并将志愿者视为重要资产。也就是说，哪些非营利组织在利用志愿者并在应对环境变化的同时招募更多志愿者方面比其他组织更成功？在基于资源的理论的指导下，本研究认为非营利组织的人力、社会和财务资源管理能力与其志愿者的使用相关。此外，应用基于或有资源的理论扩展了我们的理论论证，即为什么非营利组织需要发展其资源管理能力，以利用面临社区财务困难的志愿者。我们使用 IRS 990 和美国人口普查数据（2010-2012）进行的零膨胀负二项式分析发现，(1) 非营利组织具有较高的人文、社会、财务资源管理能力对志愿者的使用有重要影响；（2）财务资源管理能力较高的非营利组织在社区遇到经济困难时可以使用更多的志愿者。这些发现表明，志愿者的使用与组织整体资源管理能力密不可分，并表明动荡的环境可能会导致志愿者使用所需的管理能力发生重大转变。