We thank Ludvigsson for his interest in our work and for providing additional insights. As noted, our joint works implicate the role of antibiotics in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, there are limitations as well as unique strengths to our study design which should be noted.1 2 Although confounding may exist, our prospective cohort study design limits this possibility. For example, if an individual is not prescribed an antibiotic course for the first 10 years of follow-up, they will initially contribute at-risk time to the ‘no antibiotic exposure’ group. If, however, they are then prescribed an antibiotic course, the following 1–5 years will contribute time to the ‘antibiotic exposure group.’ At the end of these …

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抗生素使用和炎症性肠病：造成伤害的数量？作者回复

我们感谢 Ludvigsson 对我们工作的兴趣并提供了更多见解。如前所述，我们的联合工作暗示了抗生素在炎症性肠病 (IBD) 发展中的作用，然而，我们的研究设计存在局限性和独特的优势，这一点值得注意。1 2 尽管可能存在混杂因素，但我们的前瞻性研究队列研究设计限制了这种可能性。例如，如果一个人在随访的前 10 年中没有接受抗生素疗程，他们最初会将危险时间贡献给“未接触抗生素”组。然而，如果他们随后接受抗生素治疗，那么接下来的 1-5 年将成为“抗生素暴露组”。在这些结束时……