Frequent oil spillage at sea and waste oily water draining cause severe harm to the environment and economy. Although various extremely wettable materials are designed to achieve oil–water separation, there are still limitations, such as expensive materials, fluorine-containing reagents and poor robustness of oil–water-separating materials. Here, the authors resolved the aforementioned problems by proposing a simple and low-cost sandblasting plating method with nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P) and 1-octadecanethiol modification to manufacture a robust superhydrophobic stainless steel mesh for separating oily water under harsh environments. The mesh can separate light and heavy oily water with outstanding separating efficiency and high purity. It can be also used to separate hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution–oil, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution–oil and sodium chloride (NaCl) solution–oil, with separating efficiency higher than 95%. Moreover, the mesh is still superhydrophobic and has outstanding oil–water-separating efficiency after sandpaper abrasion, tape stripping, simulated seawater corrosion and natural environment corrosion tests. Therefore, the robust superhydrophobic stainless steel mesh proposed in this work can very efficiently separate oily water in harsh environments.

中文翻译：

---

制造用于油水分离的坚固的超疏水-超亲油网格

海上溢油和废油水排放频繁，对环境和经济造成严重危害。尽管设计了各种极其润湿的材料来实现油水分离，但仍然存在局限性，例如材料昂贵、含氟试剂以及油水分离材料的坚固性差。在这里，作者解决了上述问题，提出了一种简单且低成本的喷砂电镀方法，用镍（Ni）、磷（P）和1-十八烷硫醇改性来制造坚固的超疏水不锈钢网，用于在恶劣环境下分离油水。该筛网可分离轻油水和重油水，分离效率高，纯度高。还可用于分离盐酸（HCl）溶液-油、氢氧化钠（NaOH）溶液-油和氯化钠（NaCl）溶液-油，分离效率高于95%。而且，经过砂纸磨损、胶带剥离、模拟海水腐蚀和自然环境腐蚀测试后，该网格仍具有超疏水性，具有优异的油水分离效率。因此，本工作中提出的坚固的超疏水不锈钢网可以在恶劣环境下非常有效地分离油水。