Japan’s government aims to promote the linkage of medical records, including medical genomic testing data and personal health records (PHRs), via cloud computing (the cloud). However, linking national medical records and using them for health care research can be controversial. Additionally, many ethical issues with using cloud networks with health care and genome data have been noted. However, no research has yet explored the Japanese public’s opinions about their PHRs, including genome data, being shared for health care research or the use of the cloud for storing and analyzing such data. Therefore, we conducted a survey in March 2021 to clarify the public’s attitudes toward sharing their PHRs, including genome data and using the cloud for health care research. We analyzed data to experimentally create digital health basic literacy scores (BLSs). Our results showed that the Japanese public had concerns about data sharing that overlapped with structural cloud computing issues. The effect of incentives on changes in participants’ willingness to share data (WTSD) was limited. Instead, there could be a correlation between WTSD and BLSs. Finally, we argue that it is vital to consider not only researchers but also research participants as value cocreators in health care research conducted through the cloud to overcome both parties’ vulnerability.

日本政府旨在通过云计算（the cloud）促进包括医学基因组检测数据和个人健康记录（PHRs）在内的医疗记录的链接。然而，链接国家医疗记录并将其用于医疗保健研究可能存在争议。此外，已经注意到将云网络用于医疗保健和基因组数据的许多伦理问题。然而，目前还没有研究探讨日本公众对其 PHR 的看法，包括基因组数据、共享用于医疗保健研究或使用云存储和分析此类数据。因此，我们在 2021 年 3 月进行了一项调查，以阐明公众对共享 PHR（包括基因组数据）和使用云进行医疗保健研究的态度。我们分析数据以实验性地创建数字健康基本素养分数 (BLS)。我们的结果表明，日本公众担心与结构性云计算问题重叠的数据共享。激励措施对参与者数据共享意愿 (WTSD) 变化的影响有限。相反，WTSD 和 BLS 之间可能存在相关性。最后，我们认为，在通过云进行的医疗保健研究中，不仅要将研究人员而且要将研究参与者视为价值共同创造者，以克服双方的脆弱性，这一点至关重要。