ABSTRACT

Some evidence in non-clinical groups suggests that the relationship context in which dissociation is experienced might moderate its association with shame. The current study used vignettes detailing either dissociative symptoms or the expression of sadness occurring in three different relationship contexts: with a friend, an acquaintance, or when alone. Ratings of emotional (e.g. shame, anxiety) and behavioral (e.g. leave, talk) reactions were made on single-item measures, and shame feelings were further assessed with the State Shame Scale. Participants were in treatment for either dissociative identity disorder (n = 31) or other specified dissociative disorder (n = 3; N = 34). Feelings of shame were elevated in the acquaintance condition compared to when with a close friend or alone regardless of whether dissociation or sadness was experienced. In the acquaintance context, participants exposed to dissociation or sadness reported feeling annoyed at themselves, having a greater desire to leave, and a lesser desire to talk compared to when these experiences happened with a close friend or alone. Results suggest those with a dissociative disorder appraise themselves as more vulnerable to shame if experiencing dissociation or sadness when with an acquaintance, potentially because the risk of not being understood and rejected is heightened.

摘要

非临床群体的一些证据表明，经历分离的关系背景可能会缓和其与羞耻的关联。目前的研究使用了小插图，详细描述了在三种不同的关系环境中发生的解离症状或悲伤的表达：与朋友、熟人或独处时。根据单项测量对情绪（例如羞耻、焦虑）和行为（例如离开、谈话）反应进行评分，并使用州羞耻量表进一步评估羞耻感。参与者正在接受解离性身份障碍 ( n  = 31) 或其他特定解离性障碍 ( n  = 3; N  = 34) 的治疗。与与亲密朋友或单独相处时相比，无论是否经历分离或悲伤，在熟人条件下羞耻感都会升高。在熟人的背景下，经历分离或悲伤的参与者报告说，与与亲密朋友或单独发生这些经历时相比，他们对自己感到恼火，更愿意离开，并且更不愿意说话。结果表明，患有分离性障碍的人认为，如果与熟人在一起时经历分离或悲伤，他们更容易感到羞耻，这可能是因为不被理解和拒绝的风险增加。