ABSTRACT

Coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.) is a multipurpose plantation crop with versatile uses, including as a refreshing drink, edible oil, and, nutraceuticals. Its nutraceutical properties have increased demand in global markets. However, coconut productivity remains low owing to inadequate improved planting materials. This challenge has created a high demand and low supply gap in the coconut industry, which needs to be addressed through breeding methods that can increase productive cultivars in a shorter time. Breeding methods, such as mass selection and hybridization between dwarf and tall cultivars, are the main coconut improvement methods because of their simplicity and ease of use. The hybrids produced, however, take a long time (4-6 years) to bear fruits due to genes inherited from tall parents. Dwarf hybrids that bear fruits in a shorter time (3 years) are less exploited. Developing these coconut types through efficient breeding methods can fill the supply and demand gaps created in the coconut industry. Marker-assisted selection and multi-omics, have been used to identify quantitative traits of agronomic importance to increase genetic gains in dwarf coconut cultivars. This review article summarizes the advances in coconut improvement through conventional breeding, marker-assisted selection, and multi-omics approaches, focusing on dwarf coconut cultivars.

摘要

椰子（Cocos nuciferaL.) 是一种多用途种植园作物，用途广泛，包括作为清凉饮料、食用油和营养保健品。其营养保健特性增加了全球市场的需求。然而，由于种植材料改良不足，椰子生产力仍然较低。这一挑战造成了椰子产业的高需求和低供应缺口，需要通过能够在更短的时间内提高高产品种的育种方法来解决这一问题。育种方法，例如矮化品种和高品种之间的大规模选择和杂交，由于其简单且易于使用，是主要的椰子改良方法。然而，由于遗传自高大父母的基因，产生的杂交品种需要很长时间（4-6年）才能结出果实。在较短时间（3 年）内结果的矮化杂交品种较少被利用。通过有效的育种方法开发这些椰子类型可以填补椰子行业造成的供需缺口。标记辅助选择和多组学已被用来鉴定具有农艺重要性的数量性状，以增加矮化椰子品种的遗传增益。本文总结了通过传统育种、标记辅助选择和多组学方法在椰子改良方面取得的进展，重点关注矮化椰子品种。