Abstract

This article presents the results of long-term studies of the influence of such an anthropogenic factor as animal grazing on the development of desertification in the Astrakhan region. The purpose of the study was to develop scientifically substantiated resource-saving loads of farm animals on pasture ecosystems of the Astrakhan region (AO) by administrative districts. The objectives of the study included conducting geobotanical monitoring of biocenoses of natural arid pastures; determination of the capacity of used pastures, determination of the actual grazing load, and development of science-based pasture loads. The calculations were carried out using the Practical Guide of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fodder “Norms of loading pastures in the Caspian region” (1995). As a result, it was found that in the Astrakhan region, as a result of an increase in the anthropogenic factor, namely the unsystematic and uncontrolled use of natural semi-desert pastures for animal grazing, when the actual load of pastures does not correspond to their capacity (by 2–6 times), the desertification process is activated. Nonoverrun and slightly overrun pastures have been preserved on 35% of the area of the studied fodder lands, medium and heavily overrun pastures occupy 43 and 22%, which indicates a more than five-fold increase over the past decade.

中文翻译：

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阿斯特拉罕地区干旱地区荒漠化的人为因素

摘要

本文介绍了动物放牧等人为因素对阿斯特拉罕地区荒漠化发展的影响的长期研究结果。该研究的目的是通过行政区在阿斯特拉罕地区 (AO) 的牧场生态系统中开发经过科学证实的农场动物资源节约负荷。该研究的目标包括对天然干旱牧场的生物群落进行地理植物学监测；确定已用草场的容量，确定实际放牧负荷，以及开发基于科学的草场负荷。计算是根据全俄饲料研究所实用指南“里海地区牧场负荷规范”（1995 年）进行的。结果发现，在阿斯特拉罕地区，由于人为因素的增加，即不系统和不受控制地使用天然半沙漠牧场放牧，当牧场的实际负荷与其容量不相称（2-6 倍）时，荒漠化进程被激活。非超度和轻度超度牧场在所研究的牧草地面积的 35% 上得到保护，中度和重度超度牧场分别占 43% 和 22%，这表明在过去十年中增加了五倍多。