Abstract

Deterioration of the phytosanitary state of the soil and crops that occurred in the course of intensive agricultural development of chestnut soils has been revealed. Stationary observations were carried out at the Kachalino experimental-production farm of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences located in the Ilovlya district and at the Gornaya Polyana experimental-production farm located in the Volgograd region. The analysis of winter wheat plants has revealed the presence of such root rot pathogens as Alternaria alternariae (Cooke) Woudenb. & Crous., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, and Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoemaker. A positive effect of protective afforestations on the phytosanitary condition of cereal crops has been determined. During the infection spreading period in April, tree species used in protective afforestations provided a different influence on the wind speed and soil moisture of the adjacent territories. Elm and oak forest belts effectively reduce a root rot occurrence in winter wheat; their biological efficiency makes 13.71‒43.96%. The root rot development in protected zones (up to 150 m from trees) was reduced by 5‒7%, while the yield increased by 9.4‒21.3%.

中文翻译：

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保护性造林对板栗土壤植物检疫状况的影响

摘要

已经揭示了在板栗土壤的集约化农业开发过程中发生的土壤和作物植物检疫状况的恶化。在位于 Ilovlya 区的俄罗斯科学院联邦农业生态研究中心的 Kachalino 实验生产农场和位于伏尔加格勒地区的 Gornaya Polyana 实验生产农场进行了固定观测。对冬小麦植株的分析表明存在根腐病病原体，例如链格孢 ( Alternaria alternariae (Cooke) Woudenb)。& Crous.、Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht 和Bipolaris sorokiniana鞋匠。已经确定保护性造林对谷类作物植物检疫条件的积极影响。4月疫情蔓延期，防护林树种对邻近地区的风速和土壤水分有不同的影响。榆树和栎林带有效减少冬小麦根腐病的发生；它们的生物效率为 13.71-43.96%。保护区（距离树木最多 150 m）的根腐病发展减少了 5-7%，而产量增加了 9.4-21.3%。