Fluorescence analysis is a sensitive and selective method that provides abundant information and does not result in sample destruction. This technology is widely used in the detection of dissolved organic matter in the environment. Some challenges with fluorescence analysis are its higher sensitivity so that it is sensitive to background signals, the difficulty of extracting useful information, and the complexity and diversity of analytical methods. This review summarizes recent applications of fluorescence analysis in water research for the characterization of pollutants, evaluation of water treatment processes, and monitoring of emerging contaminants such as drugs, disinfection by-products, and toxicity. Two-dimensional fluorescence and excitation–emission matrix fluorescence analysis methods are discussed, along with their advantages and disadvantages, and application scope. Methods for sample processing, instrument calibration, and data analysis are proposed. This review is an important source of information for the application of fluorescence technology in water research such as the analysis of emerging contaminants.

荧光分析是一种灵敏和选择性的方法，可提供丰富的信息并且不会导致样品破坏。该技术广泛应用于环境中溶解有机物的检测。荧光分析的一些挑战是其较高的灵敏度，因此它对背景信号敏感，提取有用信息的难度以及分析方法的复杂性和多样性。本综述总结了荧光分析在水研究中的最新应用，以表征污染物、评估水处理过程以及监测新出现的污染物，如药物、消毒副产物和毒性。讨论了二维荧光和激发-发射矩阵荧光分析方法，以及它们的优缺点和适用范围。提出了样品处理、仪器校准和数据分析的方法。这篇综述是荧光技术在水研究（如新兴污染物分析）中应用的重要信息来源。