OBJECTIVE Personality changes have often been reported among people with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, no studies have investigated the associations between personality traits, cognitive function, and specific motor symptoms. In this study, the investigators assessed whether particular personality traits were associated with specific motor subtypes of PD (e.g., tremor-dominant and akinetic-rigid phenotypes) and whether frontal-executive functions were associated with personality traits among patients with a specific motor phenotype. METHODS Forty-one people with PD and 40 healthy control participants were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent assessments of cognitive and psychological function and personality traits. The study was conducted in Italy. RESULTS Tremor-dominant symptoms occurred among 20 (48.8%) people with PD, whereas 21 (51.2%) patients exhibited akinetic-rigid symptoms. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed that participants with akinetic-rigid PD demonstrated significantly poorer performance on frontal-executive tests compared with those with tremor-dominant PD. Moreover, those with akinetic-rigid PD exhibited more psychopathological symptoms and higher neuroticism and introversion compared with those with tremor-dominant PD. Correlations revealed that among participants with akinetic-rigid PD, psychopathological symptoms and neuroticism and introversion personality traits were associated with frontal-executive dysfunction, whereas among those with tremor-dominant PD, no significant associations were found between personality traits and cognitive abilities. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that specific personality and frontal-executive profiles are associated with the akinetic-rigid motor subtype of PD, thus helping to refine the different clinical manifestations of PD. A better understanding of the psychological, personality, and cognitive mechanisms in PD could also help to develop more targeted treatments.

中文翻译：

---

运动性强直性帕金森病的内向和神经质：与额叶执行功能障碍的关联。

目的 帕金森病 (PD) 患者经常出现人格改变；然而，还没有研究调查人格特质、认知功能和特定运动症状之间的关联。在这项研究中，研究人员评估了特定的人格特征是否与帕金森病的特定运动亚型（例如，震颤为主和运动不能-僵硬表型）相关，以及额叶执行功能是否与具有特定运动表型的患者的人格特征相关。方法 41 名 PD 患者和 40 名健康对照参与者参加了该研究。所有参与者都接受了认知和心理功能以及人格特征的评估。该研究是在意大利进行的。结果 20 名 PD 患者（48.8%）出现以震颤为主的症状，而 21 名（51.2%）患者表现出运动不能-僵硬症状。多变量方差分析显示，与震颤为主的帕金森病患者相比，患有僵硬性运动障碍的帕金森病患者在额叶执行测试中的表现明显较差。此外，与震颤为主的帕金森病患者相比，运动不能型-强直性帕金森病患者表现出更多的精神病理症状以及更高的神经质和内向性。相关性显示，在不能运动-僵硬性帕金森病的参与者中，精神病理症状、神经质和内向人格特征与额叶执行功能障碍有关，而在震颤为主的帕金森病参与者中，人格特征和认知能力之间没有发现显着关联。结论 这些研究结果表明，特定的性格和额叶执行特征与 PD 的运动不能-僵硬亚型相关，从而有助于细化 PD 的不同临床表现。更好地了解帕金森病的心理、性格和认知机制也有助于开发更有针对性的治疗方法。