Analysing social networks is a powerful tool for understanding the ecology of social species. While most studies focus on the role of each group member, few compare groups with different characteristics. The current population of Przewalski's horses Equus ferus przewalskii at the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area (Mongolia) includes groups of wild-born and captive-bred individuals with different experiences with the area (acclimatizing, long-term reintroduced and wild-born), therefore serving as an ideal natural behavioural lab. We filmed 11 groups for 141.5 hours in summer 2018 (July), late spring 2019 (May, June), and autumn 2019 (September, October). Affiliative and agonistic interactions were recorded, and social networks were created. We tested the influence of origin, experience, season, sex, age, relative time belonging to the group, relatedness, and dominance rank on different network indices at the individual and group levels. We found that groups with greater experience in the area are generally better connected than members of the newly formed groups. However, these strong networks were created by wild-born individuals with very low interaction rates. On the contrary, inexperienced groups composed of captive-bred individuals displayed many interactions but created weak social networks. The results show a trend of behavioural transition from acclimatizing through long-term reintroduced to wild-born groups, supporting that the newly-formed groups of released Przewalski's horses need time to display the typical social behaviour patterns of wild-born individuals. Long-term monitoring of released Przewalski's horses is recommended to promote success of thisreintroduction program.

中文翻译：

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大戈壁 B 严格保护区（蒙古）放归普氏野马的社会网络

分析社会网络是了解社会物种生态的有力工具。虽然大多数研究都关注每个群体成员的作用，但很少有人比较具有不同特征的群体。大戈壁 B 严格保护区（蒙古）的普氏野马 Equus ferus przewalskii 目前的种群包括在该地区具有不同经历（适应环境、长期放归和野外出生）的野生出生和圈养繁殖的个体群体，因此作为一个理想的自然行为实验室。我们在 2018 年夏季（7 月）、2019 年晚春（5 月、6 月）和 2019 年秋季（9 月、10 月）拍摄了 11 个组，时长 141.5 小时。记录了从属关系和竞争性相互作用，并创建了社交网络。我们测试了出身、经历、季节、性别、年龄、属于群体的相对时间的影响，相关性和支配性在个人和群体层面的不同网络指数上排名。我们发现，在该领域拥有更多经验的群体通常比新成立的群体的成员联系更紧密。然而，这些强大的网络是由互动率非常低的野外个体创建的。相反，由圈养个体组成的缺乏经验的群体表现出许多互动，但建立了薄弱的社交网络。结果显示了从适应环境到长期重新引入到野外种群的行为转变趋势，支持新形成的放归普氏原羚马群需要时间来展示野外个体的典型社会行为模式。长期监测释放的普氏原羚'