The increasing consumption of nonrenewable materials urgently calls for the design and fabrication of sustainable alternatives. New generations of materials should be derived from renewable sources, processed using environmentally friendly methods, and designed considering their full life cycle, especially their end-of-life fate. Here, we review recent advances in developing sustainable polymers from biological matter (biomatter), including progress in the extraction and utilization of bioderived monomers and polymers, as well as the emergence of polymers produced directly from unprocessed biomatter (entire cells or tissues). We also discuss applications of sustainable polymers in bioplastics, biocomposites, and cementitious biomaterials, with emphasis on relating their performance to underlying fundamental mechanisms. Finally, we provide a future outlook for sustainable material development, highlighting the need for more accurate and accessible tools for assessing life-cycle impacts and socioeconomic challenges as this field advances.

中文翻译：

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生物材料可持续聚合物的进展

不可再生材料的消耗不断增加，迫切需要设计和制造可持续的替代品。新一代材料应取自可再生资源，采用环保方法进行加工，并在设计时考虑其整个生命周期，特别是其使用寿命结束时的命运。在这里，我们回顾了从生物物质（生物物质）开发可持续聚合物的最新进展，包括生物衍生单体和聚合物的提取和利用方面的进展，以及直接从未加工的生物物质（整个细胞或组织）生产的聚合物的出现。我们还讨论了可持续聚合物在生物塑料、生物复合材料和水泥生物材料中的应用，重点是将其性能与潜在的基本机制联系起来。最后，我们提供了可持续材料发展的未来展望，强调随着该领域的发展，需要更准确和更易于使用的工具来评估生命周期影响和社会经济挑战。