Digitalisation reshapes both the workplace and the forms of communication used within a team. Due to the COVID-19 crisis, rethinking leadership has required transitioning from a physical to an entirely virtual work environment to respond to the COVID-19 crisis, accelerating and increasing the relevance of exclusively virtual communication. In a face-to-face professional work environment, transformational leaders can motivate their followers by example. In addition to publications addressing these face-to-face environments, there is an emerging and growing research interest in virtual teams guided by transformational leaders. Therefore, this study conducts a literature review integrating virtual teams and transformational leadership, identifying team, leadership, and motivation factors in the existing literature. As its main contribution, the paper challenges an established leadership model under exceptional economic circumstances and identifies research gaps within team, leadership, and motivation factors. Knowing that the virtual working environment will influence the future of work, this study paves the way for further research on transformational leaders and their influence on virtual teams.

数字化重塑了工作场所和团队内部使用的沟通方式。由于 COVID-19 危机，重新思考领导力需要从物理工作环境过渡到完全虚拟的工作环境，以应对 COVID-19 危机，从而加速和提高纯虚拟通信的相关性。在面对面的专业工作环境中，变革型领导者可以以身作则激励下属。除了解决这些面对面环境的出版物外，人们对由变革型领导者指导的虚拟团队也产生了新兴且不断增长的研究兴趣。因此，本研究对整合虚拟团队和变革型领导的文献进行了回顾，确定了现有文献中的团队、领导力和激励因素。作为其主要贡献，该论文挑战了特殊经济环境下的既定领导模式，并确定了团队、领导力和激励因素方面的研究差距。知道虚拟工作环境将影响工作的未来，这项研究为进一步研究变革型领导者及其对虚拟团队的影响铺平了道路。