Rice–wheat is the leading double-cropping system in Asian subtropical countries, and the management of rice straw after harvesting with combine harvesters is a major problem. With increasing attention being placed on mitigating global warming and achieving sustainable agricultural intensification, we estimate carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the adoption of various straw management practices, to incentivize farmers based on carbon credits. The total cost involved with the adoption of straw management practices including losses in productivity was in the range of Rs. 5500–14,866/ha when straw was incorporated in the soil. Total carbon credited either sequestered in soils or as GHG emissions varied from a minimum of − 0.97 t CO₂ eq/ha, when paddy straw was partially burnt, to a maximum of 5.17 t CO₂ eq/ha, when straw was kept as mulch with minimum cost involved in managing the straw. Hence, mulching of straw using zero or minimum tillage practices has the least global warming potential and should be promoted for the management of straw in the rice–wheat cropping system.

水稻-小麦是亚洲亚热带国家主要的双熟制，联合收割机收割后的稻草管理是一个主要问题。随着人们越来越关注缓解全球变暖和实现可持续农业集约化，我们估算了与采用各种秸秆管理做法相关的碳封存和温室气体 (GHG) 排放量，以基于碳信用额度激励农民。包括生产力损失在内的采用秸秆管理做法所涉及的总成本在卢比范围内。5500–14,866/公顷，当秸秆掺入土壤时。计入土壤中或温室气体排放量最低为 - 0.97 吨 CO _2的总碳eq/ha，当水稻秸秆被部分燃烧时，最大值为 5.17 t CO ₂ eq/ha，当秸秆作为覆盖物保留时，管理秸秆的成本最低。因此，采用零耕作或少耕作法覆盖秸秆的全球变暖潜势最小，应推广用于稻麦-小麦种植系统中的秸秆管理。