Purpose of Review

Free-flowing rivers act as conduits for sediment and nutrient transport from the land to coastal oceans. In the past decades, many of global rivers have been dammed for water resource management. The associated ecological impacts have become a wide concern, and have been intensively studied. In this work, we aim to review the research progress of the topic on sediment and nutrient trapping by river dams using CiteSpace, summarize the findings of previous literatures, and propose perspectives for future studies.

Recent Findings

We found that (i) this topic has been continuously concerned and the publication number has been increasing annually. In 2006–2021, there are 1385 publications in total, including 1318 articles and 23 reviews; (ii) dams can interrupt river connectivity and trap sediment and nutrients in reservoirs, greatly deceasing sediment and nutrient loads to coastal oceans; (iii) sediment and nutrient trapping by dams has caused a series of ecological impacts, including reservoir capacity loss, river channel erosion, river delta land loss, reservoir eutrophication, and massive greenhouse gas emissions.

Summary

This review summarized the changes of riverine sediment and nutrient loads caused by dams, and their impacts on river ecosystems. The following aspects should be concerned in future studies: the impacts of biogeochemical cycling within reservoirs on the stoichiometry and bioavailability of nutrients in dam discharge, the net greenhouse gas emissions caused by dams, and the cumulative impacts of cascade dams. It adds our comprehensive understanding of sediment and nutrient trapping by river dams and will be beneficial to future studies in this field.

中文翻译：

---

河流大坝的沉积物和营养物截留：基于 15 年大数据的批判性回顾

审查目的

自由流动的河流充当沉积物和养分从陆地向沿海海洋输送的管道。在过去的几十年里，为了水资源管理，许多全球河流都被筑坝。相关的生态影响已引起广泛关注，并已得到深入研究。在这项工作中，我们旨在回顾利用 CiteSpace 研究河流大坝沉积物和养分捕获的研究进展，总结以往文献的发现，并提出未来研究的观点。

最近的发现

我们发现（i）这个话题一直受到关注，发表数量逐年增加。2006-2021年共发表论文1385篇，其中文章1318篇，综述23篇；(ii) 大坝可以中断河流的连通性并将沉积物和营养物截留在水库中，从而大大减少沿海海洋的沉积物和营养物负荷；(iii) 大坝截留泥沙和养分造成了一系列生态影响，包括水库容量损失、河道侵蚀、河流三角洲土地流失、水库富营养化和大量温室气体排放。

概括

本综述总结了大坝引起的河流沉积物和养分负荷的变化，及其对河流生态系统的影响。未来研究应关注以下几个方面：水库内生物地球化学循环对大坝排水中养分化学计量和生物有效性的影响，大坝造成的温室气体净排放，以及梯级坝的累积影响。它增加了我们对河流大坝沉积物和养分捕获的全面理解，将有利于该领域的未来研究。