The hub-and-spoke model of semantic cognition proposes that conceptual representations in a heteromodal ‘hub’ interact with and emerge from modality-specific features or ‘spokes’, including valence (whether a concept is positive or negative), along with visual and auditory features. As a result, valence congruency might facilitate our ability to link words conceptually. Semantic relatedness may similarly affect explicit judgements about valence. Moreover, conflict between meaning and valence may recruit semantic control processes. Here we tested these predictions using two-alternative forced-choice tasks, in which participants matched a probe word to one of two possible target words, based on either global meaning or valence. Experiment 1 examined timed responses in healthy young adults, while Experiment 2 examined decision accuracy in semantic aphasia patients with impaired controlled semantic retrieval following left hemisphere stroke. Across both experiments, semantically related targets facilitated valence matching, while related distractors impaired performance. Valence congruency was also found to facilitate semantic decision-making. People with semantic aphasia showed impaired valence matching and had particular difficulty when semantically related distractors were presented, suggesting that the selective retrieval of valence information relies on semantic control processes. Taken together, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that automatic access to the global meaning of written words affects the processing of valence, and that the valence of words is also retrieved even when this feature is task-irrelevant, affecting the efficiency of global semantic judgements.

中文翻译：

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效价和意义如何相互作用？语义控制的贡献

语义认知的中心辐射模型提出，异模态“中心”中的概念表示与模态特定特征或“辐条”相互作用并从中产生，包括效价（概念是正面还是负面），以及视觉和听觉特征。因此，价一致性可能会提高我们在概念上链接单词的能力。语义相关性可能同样影响对效价的明确判断。此外，意义和效价之间的冲突可能会招募语义控制过程。在这里，我们使用两种替代的强制选择任务来测试这些预测，其中参与者根据全局含义或效价将探测词与两个可能的目标词之一进行匹配。实验 1 检查了健康年轻人的定时反应，而实验 2 检查了左半球中风后受控语义检索受损的语义失语症患者的决策准确性。在这两个实验中，语义相关的目标促进了价匹配，而相关的干扰因素则损害了表现。还发现效价一致性有助于语义决策。患有语义失语症的人表现出效价匹配受损，并且在出现语义相关的干扰项时尤其困难，这表明效价信息的选择性检索依赖于语义控制过程。综上所述，结果与以下假设一致：自动获取书面单词的全局含义会影响效价的处理，并且即使该特征与任务无关，单词的效价也会被检索，从而影响全局语义的效率的判断。