The present study investigates current proposals that priming is a mechanism of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in bilinguals by aiming to boost CLI through priming. In two cross-linguistic structural priming experiments with less-proficient adolescent (Study 1) and more highly proficient adult German-English learners (Study 2), we assess whether structural priming enhances CLI for well-formed, dispreferred, and ungrammatical structures. L2 learners in both studies showed CLI in their production, in particular for structures with word order overlap. They also exhibited short-term cross-linguistic priming of grammatical L1-L2 word orders in L2 English, which extended to longer-term priming among the more highly proficient learners in Study 2. However, there was no evidence that cross-linguistic priming increased the use of dispreferred or ungrammatical L1-based word orders in L2 English in either study. Rather, the overall production of these word orders decreased. Together, these results suggest that, while cross-linguistic priming leads learners to increase the use of shared, grammatical L1-L2 word orders, it leads to the inhibition of non-shared ungrammatical structures in L2 production. We conclude that priming has asymmetrical effects on CLI of grammatical and ungrammatical L1-based structures in the L2.

本研究调查了当前的提议，即启动是双语者的跨语言影响 (CLI) 机制，旨在通过启动来促进 CLI。在两个针对不太熟练的青少年（研究 1）和更熟练的成人德语-英语学习者（研究 2）的跨语言结构启动实验中，我们评估了结构启动是否增强了 CLI 对于格式正确、不受欢迎和不合语法的结构。两项研究中的二语学习者在他们的作品中展示了 CLI，特别是对于具有词序重叠的结构。他们还展示了 L2 英语中语法 L1-L2 词序的短期跨语言启动，这在研究 2 中扩展到更熟练的学习者中的长期启动。然而，在这两项研究中，都没有证据表明跨语言启动会增加二语英语中不受欢迎或不合语法的基于母语的词序的使用。相反，这些词序的整体产量下降了。总之，这些结果表明，虽然跨语言启动导致学习者增加使用共享的语法 L1-L2 词序，但它导致在 L2 生产中抑制非共享的非语法结构。我们得出结论，启动对 L2 中基于语法和非语法的 L1 结构的 CLI 具有不对称影响。它导致在 L2 生产中抑制非共享的不合语法结构。我们得出结论，启动对 L2 中基于语法和非语法的 L1 结构的 CLI 具有不对称影响。它导致在 L2 生产中抑制非共享的不合语法结构。我们得出结论，启动对 L2 中基于语法和非语法的 L1 结构的 CLI 具有不对称影响。