Abstract

We aim to design assistive robots that perceive people’s affordances in ways that are similar to how people perceive other people’s affordances. Toward that end, two experiments investigated what variables people pick up when perceiving actors’ maximum vertical one degree-of-freedom reach heights. In Experiment 1, point-light displays depicted actors who moved, were either tall or short, and had markers placed on either their whole body (head, shoulders, elbows, wrists, hands, hips, knees, & ankles), upper body (head, shoulders, elbows, wrists, & hands), lower body (hips, knees, & ankles), or ankles. Participants instructed the experimenter to adjust an object’s height so that it was just reachable. Experiment 2 was identical except actors moved or were still. In both experiments, judgment error for the Full Body condition was not significantly different from that for the Upper or Lower Body conditions, but was significantly different from that for the Ankles condition. In Experiment 2, that result replicated when actors moved and when they were still. These results suggest participants may have picked up object height in relation to actor height. Implications about how people perceive other people’s maximum vertical one degree-of-freedom reach heights and how that might inform assistive robot design are discussed.

摘要

我们的目标是设计辅助机器人，以类似于人们感知其他人的可供性的方式感知人们的可供性。为此，两项实验调查了人们在感知演员最大垂直一自由度达到的高度时会选择哪些变量。在实验 1 中，点光显示器描绘了移动的演员，无论高还是矮，并且在他们的整个身体（头、肩膀、肘部、手腕、手、臀部、膝盖和脚踝）、上半身（头、肩膀、肘部、手腕和手）、下半身（臀部、膝盖和脚踝）或脚踝上放置了标记。参与者指示实验者调整物体的高度，使其刚好可以触及。实验 2 与实验 2 相同，只是演员移动或静止。在这两个实验中，全身条件的判断误差与上半身或下半身条件的判断误差没有显着差异，但与脚踝条件的判断误差显着不同。在实验 2 中，当演员移动和静止时，结果都会重复。这些结果表明参与者可能已经了解了与演员身高相关的物体高度。讨论了人们如何看待其他人的最大垂直一自由度到达高度的影响以及这如何为辅助机器人设计提供信息。这些结果表明参与者可能已经了解了与演员身高相关的物体高度。讨论了人们如何看待其他人的最大垂直一自由度到达高度的影响以及这如何为辅助机器人设计提供信息。这些结果表明参与者可能已经了解了与演员身高相关的物体高度。讨论了人们如何看待其他人的最大垂直一自由度到达高度的影响以及这如何为辅助机器人设计提供信息。