Chemical modifications on mRNA represent a critical layer of gene expression regulation. Research in this area has continued to accelerate over the last decade, as more modifications are being characterized with increasing depth and breadth. mRNA modifications have been demonstrated to influence nearly every step from the early phases of transcript synthesis in the nucleus through to their decay in the cytoplasm, but in many cases, the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes remain mysterious. Here, we highlight recent work that has elucidated the roles of mRNA modifications throughout the mRNA life cycle, describe gaps in our understanding and remaining open questions, and offer some forward-looking perspective on future directions in the field.

中文翻译：

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通过 RNA 修饰调节 mRNA

mRNA 上的化学修饰代表了基因表达调控的关键层。在过去的十年里，这一领域的研究持续加速，随着深度和广度的不断增加，更多的修改被表征。 mRNA 修饰已被证明影响几乎每一个步骤，从细胞核中转录合成的早期阶段到细胞质中的衰变，但在许多情况下，参与这些过程的分子机制仍然是神秘的。在这里，我们重点介绍最近的工作，这些工作阐明了 mRNA 修饰在整个 mRNA 生命周期中的作用，描述了我们理解中的差距和悬而未决的问题，并对该领域的未来方向提供了一些前瞻性的观点。