ABSTRACT

Assuring food safety is increasingly important in emerging and developing economies. Despite being a public good, food safety in these economies is often addressed through limited private sector innovations while the public health costs and impact of food-borne diseases are largely unknown. This study estimates annual private and public costs and benefits of a quality-based milk payment system (QBMPS) in Kenya. Private costs and benefits were estimated using a partial budget analysis. From a private perspective, results show that participating farmers benefit most from the QBMPS, with a net profit of about USD 0.02 USD/kg) from an additional investment cost USD 0.0125/kg to produce Grade A milk. The cooperatives and processor have a net loss of 0.025 USD/kg milk, mainly driven by testing and initial investment costs. Disease burden was calculated using the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), while direct and indirect health costs were calculated using an incidence-based analysis. We estimate an annual disease burden of 53,000 DALYs from milk-related infectious diseases and a generated health benefit of 13 KES/kg due to reduction in disease incidence if 15% of Kenya’s milk goes through the QBMPS. These health benefits justify public and private sector support for a QBMPS.

摘要

确保食品安全在新兴和发展中经济体中越来越重要。尽管是一种公共产品，但这些经济体中的食品安全通常是通过有限的私营部门创新来解决的，而公共卫生成本和食源性疾病的影响在很大程度上是未知的。本研究估计了肯尼亚基于质量的牛奶支付系统 (QBMPS) 的年度私人和公共成本和收益。使用部分预算分析估算私人成本和收益。从私人角度来看，结果表明，参与的农民从 QBMPS 中获益最多，净利润约为 0.02 美元/公斤）生产 A 级牛奶的额外投资成本为 0.0125 美元/公斤。合作社和加工商的净亏损为 0.025 美元/公斤牛奶，主要受检测和初始投资成本驱动。疾病负担是使用残疾调整生命年 (DALY) 计算的，而直接和间接健康成本是使用基于发病率的分析计算的。我们估计，如果肯尼亚 15% 的牛奶通过 QBMP，每年因牛奶相关传染病造成的疾病负担为 53,000 DALYs，并且由于疾病发病率降低而产生的健康效益为 13 KES/kg。这些健康益处证明了公共和私营部门对 QBMP 的支持。