The increase in life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis has come with new comorbidities, particularly diabetes. The gradual development of glucose tolerance abnormalities means that 30 to 40% of adults will be diabetic. Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes is a major challenge in the care of these patients because it is a morbidity and mortality factor at all stages of the disease. Early glucose tolerance abnormalities observed from childhood, before the stage of diabetes, are also associated with a poor pulmonary and nutritional outcome. The long asymptomatic period justifies systematic screening with an annual oral glucose tolerance test from the age of 10 years. However, this strategy does not take into account the new clinical profiles of patients with cystic fibrosis, recent pathophysiological knowledge of glucose tolerance abnormalities, and the emergence of new diagnostic tools in diabetology. In this paper, we summarise the challenges of screening in the current context of new patient profiles – patients who are pregnant, have transplants, or are being treated with fibrosis conductance transmembrane regulator modulators – and put forward an inventory of the various screening methods for cystic fibrosis–related diabetes, including their applications, limitations and practical implications.

囊性纤维化患者预期寿命的延长伴随着新的合并症，特别是糖尿病。糖耐量异常的逐渐发展意味着30%至40%的成年人将患有糖尿病。囊性纤维化相关糖尿病是这些患者护理中的一个重大挑战，因为它是该疾病各个阶段的发病和死亡因素。从儿童时期（糖尿病阶段之前）观察到的早期葡萄糖耐量异常也与肺部和营养结果不佳有关。无症状期较长，因此从 10 岁起每年进行一次口服葡萄糖耐量测试进行系统筛查是合理的。然而，这一策略没有考虑到囊性纤维化患者的新临床概况、近期糖耐量异常的病理生理学知识以及糖尿病学中新诊断工具的出现。在本文中，我们总结了当前新患者概况（怀孕、接受移植或正在接受纤维化电导跨膜调节剂调节剂治疗的患者）背景下筛查的挑战，并提出了囊性囊肿的各种筛查方法的清单纤维化相关糖尿病，包括其应用、局限性和实际意义。