Pain and psychopathology co-occur in adolescence, but the directionality and etiology of these associations are unclear. Using the pain questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 10,414 children [770 twin pairs] aged 12–13), we estimated longitudinal, co-twin control, and twin models to evaluate the nature of these associations. In two-wave cross-lag panel models, there were small cross-lag effects that suggested bidirectional associations. However, the co-twin control models suggested that most associations were familial. Pain at age 12 and 13 was mostly environmental (A = 0–12%, C = 15–30%, E = 70–73%) and the twin models suggested that associations with psychopathology were primarily due to shared environmental correlations. The exception was externalizing, which had a phenotypic prospective effect on pain, a significant within-family component, and a non-shared environmental correlation at age 12. Environmental risk factors may play a role in pain-psychopathology co-occurrence. Future studies can examine risk factors such as stressful life events.

疼痛和精神病理学在青春期同时发生，但这些关联的方向性和病因尚不清楚。使用青少年大脑认知发展研究中的疼痛问卷和儿童行为清单 ( n = 10,414 名儿童 [770 对双胞胎]，年龄在 12-13 岁之间），我们估计了纵向、双胞胎控制和双胞胎模型，以评估这些关联的性质。在双波交叉滞后面板模型中，存在表明双向关联的小交叉滞后效应。然而，双胞胎控制模型表明大多数关联是家族性的。12 岁和 13 岁时的疼痛主要是环境因素（A = 0–12%，C = 15–30%，E = 70–73%），双胞胎模型表明与精神病理学的关联主要是由于共享的环境相关性。例外是外化，它对疼痛具有显着的表型前瞻性影响，具有重要的家庭内成分，并且在 12 岁时具有非共享的环境相关性。环境风险因素可能在疼痛 - 精神病理学共现中发挥作用。