The devastating COVID-19 pandemic motivates the development of safe and effective antivirals to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infection. We developed nanoscale liposomes that are coated with the cell receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. Lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were constructed and used to test the virus neutralization potential of the engineered liposomes. Under TEM, we observed for the first time a dissociation of spike proteins from the pseudovirus surface when the pseudovirus was purified. The liposomes potently inhibit viral entry into host cells by extracting the spike proteins from the pseudovirus surface. As the receptor on the liposome surface can be readily changed to target other viruses, the receptor-coated liposome represents a promising strategy for broad spectrum antiviral development.

毁灭性的 COVID-19 大流行促使开发安全有效的抗病毒药物，以降低与感染相关的发病率和死亡率。我们开发了纳米级脂质体，上面涂有严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的细胞受体，SARS-CoV-2 是导致 COVID-19 的病毒。构建了用 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白假型化的慢病毒颗粒，并用于测试工程化脂质体的病毒中和潜力。在 TEM 下，我们首次观察到在纯化假病毒时刺突蛋白从假病毒表面解离。脂质体通过从假病毒表面提取刺突蛋白，有效抑制病毒进入宿主细胞。由于脂质体表面的受体可以很容易地改变以靶向其他病毒，