Migrating cells in tissues are often known to exhibit collective swirling movements. In this paper, we develop an active vertex model with polarity dynamics based on contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL). We show that under this dynamics, the cells form steady-state vortices in velocity, polarity, and cell stress with length scales that depend on polarity alignment rate (ζ), self-motility (v₀), and cell-cell bond tension (λ). When the ratio λ/v₀ becomes larger, the tissue reaches a near jamming state because of the inability of the cells to exchange their neighbors, and the length scale associated with tissue kinematics increases. A deeper examination of this jammed state provides insights into the mechanism of sustained swirl formation under CIL rule that is governed by the feedback between cell polarities and deformations. To gain additional understanding of how active forcing governed by CIL dynamics leads to large-scale tissue dynamics, we systematically coarse-grain cell stress, polarity, and motility and show that the tissue remains polar even on larger length scales. Overall, we explore the origin of swirling patterns during collective cell migration and obtain a connection between cell-level dynamics and large-scale cellular flow patterns observed in epithelial monolayers.
Cells Tissues Organs

中文翻译：

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活性上皮单层空间尺度和宏观组织动力学的出现

众所周知，组织中的迁移细胞通常会表现出集体漩涡运动。在本文中，我们基于运动接触抑制 (CIL) 开发了具有极性动力学的活动顶点模型。我们表明，在这种动力学下，细胞在速度、极性和细胞应力方面形成稳态涡流，其长度尺度取决于极性对齐率 (ζ)、自运动性 ( v 0 ) 和细胞-细胞键_张力( λ). 当比值 λ/ v ₀变得更大，由于细胞无法交换它们的邻居，组织达到近乎堵塞的状态，并且与组织运动学相关的长度尺度增加。对这种堵塞状态的更深入研究提供了对 CIL 规则下持续漩涡形成机制的见解，该规则受细胞极性和变形之间的反馈控制。为了进一步了解 CIL 动力学控制的主动强迫如何导致大规模组织动力学，我们系统地粗粒细胞应力、极性和运动性，并表明即使在更大的长度尺度上，组织也保持极性。总的来说，我们探索了集体细胞迁移过程中漩涡模式的起源，并获得了细胞水平动力学与在上皮单层中观察到的大规模细胞流动模式之间的联系。
细胞组织器官