The Nagoya Protocol for access and benefit sharing (ABS) attaches significance to India since the country exchanges classical biological control agents to manage invasive alien species. Classical biological control differs from commercial biological control in that it involves the use of co-evolved, host specific natural enemies from the host’s native region to control the host wherever invasive. The national Biological Diversity Act is responsible for implementing ABS in India. It stipulates the means for use of biological resources for various purposes including research and commerce. However, commercial use of bioresources as biological control agents is not included. ABS regulates the exchange of research results using biological resources and related intellectual property rights. India is yet to implement the Nagoya Protocol effectively due to certain gaps in the Biological Diversity Act concerning some of the key provisions in the protocol that need to be addressed. However, some examples of the application of ABS measures for export of biological resources are discussed here. For export of biological control agents from India, collaborative research with the recipient country is necessary and is governed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. Multiplication of biological control agents for commercial use and release is governed by ABS regulations. For importation of biological control agents into India, the exporting country regulations apply, and the Plant Protection Advisor grants permission. To implement the Nagoya Protocol effectively in India, we recommend that: (1) user country policies include clauses that discourage misuse of biological resources, (2) the consent of local communities be sought before accessing biological resources instead of just ‘consulting’ them, (3) ABS provisions are clearly stated, including what is covered and what is not covered under the Biological Diversity Act, (4) ABS provisions be made more flexible to facilitate compliance, and (5) the roles and responsibilities of each agency involved in ABS implementation be clearly defined.

关于获取和利益分享 (ABS) 的名古屋议定书对印度具有重要意义，因为该国交换经典生物控制剂来管理外来入侵物种。经典生物控制与商业生物控制的不同之处在于，它涉及使用来自宿主本地区域的共同进化的宿主特定天敌来控制入侵的宿主。国家生物多样性法负责在印度实施获取和惠益分享。它规定了为包括研究和商业在内的各种目的使用生物资源的方式。但是，不包括生物资源作为生物控制剂的商业用途。ABS 规范使用生物资源和相关知识产权的研究成果交换。印度尚未有效实施名古屋议定书，因为《生物多样性法》中关于议定书中一些关键条款的某些空白需要解决。然而，这里讨论了生物资源出口的获取和惠益分享措施的一些例子。对于从印度出口的生物防治剂，与接受国的合作研究是必要的，并由农业和农民福利部管理。用于商业用途和释放的生物控制剂的增殖受 ABS 法规的约束。对于将生物控制剂进口到印度，出口国法规适用，植物保护顾问授予许可。为在印度有效实施名古屋议定书，我们建议：