This study aims to explore the effect of an extract of Atractylodes lancea (A. lancea) on antibiotics-induced intestinal tract disorder and the probable therapeutic mechanisms employed by this extract to ameliorate these disorders. Three days after acclimatization, nine male and nine female specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Group C (normal saline), Group M (antibiotic: cefradine + gentamicin), and Group T (antibiotic + A. lancea extract). Each mouse in Groups M and T received intragastric (i.g.) gavage antibiotics containing cefradine and gentamicin sulfate (0.02 ml/g−1/D−1) for 7 days. A. lancea extract (0.02 ml/g−1/D−1) was administered by i.g. gavage to Group T mice for 7 days following the cessation of antibiotic therapy. Group M received an equivalent volume of normal saline for 7 days, while Group C received an equivalent volume of normal saline for 14 days. Afterwards, we collected mouse feces to assess changes in intestinal microbiota by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing and metabolomics. In addition, serum samples were gathered and analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LS-MS). Finally, we performed a correlation analysis between intestinal microbiota and metabolites. After treatment with antibiotic, the richness and diversity of the flora, numbers of wall-breaking bacteria and Bacteroidetes, and the numbers of beneficial bacteria decreased, while the numbers of harmful bacteria increased. After i.g. administration of A. lancea extract, the imbalance of microbial flora began to recover. Antibiotics primarily influence the metabolism of lipids, steroids, peptides, organic acids, and carbohydrates, with lipid compounds ranking first. Arachidonic acid (AA), arginine, and proline have relatively strong effects on the metabolisms of antibiotic-stressed mice. Our findings revealed that A. lancea extract might restore the metabolism of AA and L-methionine. The content of differential metabolites detected in the serum of Group T mice was comparable to that in the serum of Group C mice, but significantly different from that of Group M mice. Compared to putative biomarkers in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, it was found that altered metabolites, such as amino acids, glycerol, and phospholipids, were primarily associated with the metabolism. The effective mechanisms of A. lancea extract in regulating the disorder of intestinal flora in mice are related to the mechanisms of A. lancea. It could relate to lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. These results will provide a basis for further explaining the mechanism by which A. lancea regulats intestinal flora.

中文翻译：

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白术提取物对肠道菌群失调小鼠肠道菌群和血清代谢物的影响

本研究旨在探讨 Atractylodes lancea (A. lancea) 提取物对抗生素引起的肠道疾病的影响，以及该提取物用于改善这些疾病的可能治疗机制。适应三天后，将 9 只雄性和 9 只雌性无特定病原体 (SPF) 小鼠随机分为三组：C 组（生理盐水）、M 组（抗生素：头孢拉定 + 庆大霉素）和 T 组（抗生素 + A .lancea 提取物）。M 组和 T 组的每只小鼠接受含头孢拉定和硫酸庆大霉素 (0.02 ml/g-1/D-1) 的胃内 (ig) 灌胃抗生素 7 天。A. lancea 提取物 (0.02 ml/g-1/D-1) 在抗生素治疗停止后通过 ig 强饲法对 T 组小鼠给药 7 天。M组接受等量生理盐水7天，而C组接受等量生理盐水14天。之后，我们收集小鼠粪便，通过 16S 核糖体核糖核酸 (rRNA) 测序和代谢组学评估肠道微生物群的变化。此外，收集血清样本并使用液相色谱-质谱法 (LS-MS) 进行分析。最后，我们对肠道菌群和代谢物进行了相关性分析。经抗生素处理后，菌群的丰富度和多样性、破壁菌和拟杆菌的数量、有益菌的数量减少，而有害菌的数量增加。在 ig 施用 A. lancea 提取物后，微生物菌群的失衡开始恢复。抗生素主要影响脂质、类固醇、肽、有机酸、和碳水化合物，脂质化合物居首位。花生四烯酸 (AA)、精氨酸和脯氨酸对抗生素应激小鼠的代谢具有相对强烈的影响。我们的研究结果表明，A. lancea 提取物可能会恢复 AA 和 L-甲硫氨酸的代谢。T组小鼠血清中检测到的差异代谢物含量与C组小鼠血清相当，但与M组小鼠差异显着。与京都基因和基因组百科全书 (KEGG) 数据库中的推定生物标志物相比，发现改变的代谢物，如氨基酸、甘油和磷脂，主要与代谢有关。长矛提取物调节小鼠肠道菌群失调的有效机制与长矛的作用机制有关。它可能与脂质代谢、胆汁酸代谢和氨基酸代谢有关。这些结果将为进一步解释A. lancea调节肠道菌群的机制提供依据。