Context: Cannabis is a herbaceous annual plant that belongs to the Cannabaceae family, which is used in the production of fibre, paper, oil and pharmaceutical products.

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify drought-tolerant ecotypes and medicinal and industrial populations.

Methods: Due to the medicinal and industrial importance of cannabis, 12 cannabis ecotypes were collected from different regions of Iran. Then, their agronomic and phytochemical characteristics were evaluated under different soil moisture conditions.

Key results: The soil moisture levels had significant effects (P < 0.01) on the studied traits except for the 1000 seed weight. Based on duration of the growth period, the Tabas and Dasht-e-Moghan ecotypes were identified as early and late maturing ecotypes, respectively. Also, the highest stem dry weight and stem height/diameter ratio and the lowest seed yield were related to the Dasht-e-Moghan ecotype, which is valuable for fibre production. Based on seed yield (relative reduction) and some tolerance indexes, the Tabas and Tabrize ecotypes were shown to be the most tolerant and sensitive ecotypes, respectively. As soil moisture decreased, tetrahydrocannabinol levels increased and cannabidiol levels decreased. The highest amount of tetrahydrocannabinol was related to the Qom ecotype at 50% soil moisture and the highest amount of cannabidiol was related to the Rasht ecotype at 100% soil moisture.

Conclusions: Generally, these ecotypes had different responses to soil moisture. Some ecotypes were valuable in terms of the production of pharmaceutical metabolites and some in terms of fibre production.

Implications: Tolerant and sensitive ecotypes might be considered in production and also breeding programs.

背景：大麻是属于大麻科的一年生草本植物，用于生产纤维、纸张、油和医药产品。

目的：本研究的目的是确定耐旱生态型以及药用和工业种群。

方法：由于大麻的药用和工业重要性，从伊朗不同地区收集了 12 种大麻生态型。然后，在不同的土壤水分条件下评估了它们的农艺和植物化学特性。

主要结果：土壤水分含量有显着影响（P < 0.01) 除了 1000 粒种子重量之外的研究性状。根据生长期的持续时间，Tabas 和 Dasht-e-Moghan 生态型分别被确定为早熟和晚熟生态型。此外，最高的茎干重和茎高/直径比以及最低的种子产量与 Dasht-e-Moghan 生态型有关，这对纤维生产很有价值。根据种子产量（相对减少）和一些耐受性指数，Tabas 和 Tabrize 生态型分别被证明是最耐受和最敏感的生态型。随着土壤水分的减少，四氢大麻酚含量增加，大麻二酚含量下降。最高量的四氢大麻酚与土壤湿度为 50% 的 Qom 生态型有关，最高量的大麻二酚与土壤湿度为 100% 的 Rasht 生态型有关。

结论：一般来说，这些生态型对土壤水分有不同的反应。一些生态型在药物代谢物的生产方面很有价值，一些在纤维生产方面很有价值。

启示：在生产和育种计划中可以考虑耐受和敏感的生态型。