This article seeks to comprehensively understand student-migrant men's identities and masculinities in transnational spaces in Canada. Building on existing literature on transnational masculinities, and partly on identity process theory, I focus on upper-caste Punjabi men who came to Canada as international students. Through in-depth interviews with 22 men, I explore the significance of landownership back home, caste identity and transnational communication in constituting the hegemonic masculinities in transnational spaces and the ‘othering’ within the Punjabi community faced by young men in Canada. By examining how young men respond to the complexities of source and host situation as well as their hegemonic content, I demonstrate the relational and fluid nature of hegemonic Punjabi masculinities. I conclude that even though the hegemonic ideal for men in transnational spaces remains to be the local rural masculinities based on landownership in Punjab, alternative strategies are put in place when that hegemonic ideal becomes difficult to achieve in transnational spaces or when there is a willing disinclination to achieve it such as in case of men who do not express a desire to return.

中文翻译：

---

旁遮普的男性气质和跨国空间：表演、选择和其他

本文旨在全面了解加拿大跨国空间中男性学生移民的身份和男子气概。基于有关跨国男性气概的现有文献，部分基于身份过程理论，我重点关注作为国际学生来到加拿大的上层种姓旁遮普男性。通过对 22 名男性的深入采访，我探讨了家乡的土地所有权、种姓身份和跨国交流对于构成跨国空间中的霸权男性气质以及加拿大年轻人所面临的旁遮普社区中的“他者”的重要性。通过研究年轻人如何应对来源和东道国情况的复杂性以及他们的霸权内容，我展示了霸权旁遮普男性气质的关系性和流动性。我的结论是，尽管跨国空间中男性的霸权理想仍然是旁遮普邦基于土地所有权的当地农村男性气质，但当这种霸权理想在跨国空间中难以实现或存在不愿意的情况时，就会采取替代策略实现这一目标，例如在男子不表达返回愿望的情况下。