Over the past decade, mRNA modifications have emerged as important regulators of gene expression control in cells. Fueled in large part by the development of tools for detecting RNA modifications transcriptome wide, researchers have uncovered a diverse epitranscriptome that serves as an additional layer of gene regulation beyond simple RNA sequence. Here, we review the proteins that write, read, and erase these marks, with a particular focus on the most abundant internal modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A). We first describe the discovery of the key enzymes that deposit and remove m6A and other modifications and discuss how our understanding of these proteins has shaped our views of modification dynamics. We then review current models for the function of m6A reader proteins and how our knowledge of these proteins has evolved. Finally, we highlight important future directions for the field and discuss key questions that remain unanswered.

中文翻译：

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mRNA 修饰的蛋白质：书写者、阅读者和橡皮擦

在过去的十年中，mRNA 修饰已成为细胞中基因表达控制的重要调节因子。在很大程度上得益于转录组范围内 RNA 修饰检测工具的发展，研究人员发现了一种多样化的表观转录组，它可以作为简单 RNA 序列之外的额外基因调控层。在这里，我们回顾了写入、读取和擦除这些标记的蛋白质，特别关注最丰富的内部修饰，N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）。我们首先描述沉积和去除 m 的关键酶的发现。6A 和其他修饰，并讨论我们对这些蛋白质的理解如何塑造我们对修饰动力学的看法。然后我们回顾 m 函数的当前模型6读者蛋白质以及我们对这些蛋白质的了解是如何演变的。最后，我们强调了该领域未来的重要方向，并讨论了尚未解答的关键问题。