Natural wood has been used for construction, fuel, and furniture for thousands of years because of its versatility, renewability, and aesthetic appeal. However, new opportunities for wood are arising as researchers have developed ways to tune the material's optical, thermal, mechanical, and ionic transport properties by chemically and physically modifying wood's naturally porous structure and chemical composition. Such modifications can be used to produce sustainable, functional materials for various emerging applications such as automobiles, construction, energy storage, and environmental remediation. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in engineered wood for sustainable technologies, including thermal and light management, environmental remediation, nanofluidics, batteries, and structural materials with high strength-to-weight ratios. Additionally, the current challenges, opportunities, and future of wood research are discussed, providing a guideline for the further development of next-generation, sustainable wood-based materials.

中文翻译：

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工程木材：可持续技术和应用

天然木材因其多功能性、可再生性和美观性而被用于建筑、燃料和家具已有数千年的历史。然而，随着研究人员开发出通过化学和物理改变木材的天然多孔结构和化学成分来调整材料的光学、热、机械和离子传输特性的方法，木材的新机遇正在出现。这种改性可用于生产可持续的功能材料，用于各种新兴应用，例如汽车、建筑、能源存储和环境修复。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了工程木材在可持续技术方面的最新进展，包括热和光管理、环境修复、纳米流体、电池和具有高强度重量比的结构材料。此外，还讨论了木材研究当前的挑战、机遇和未来，为进一步开发下一代可持续木质材料提供了指导。