In this work, hydrogels based on semi-interpenetrating polymeric networks (semi-IPN) based on collagen-polyurethane-alginate were studied physicochemically and from different approaches for biomedical application. It was determined that the matrices in the hydrogel state are crosslinked by the formation of urea and amide bonds between the biopolymer chains and the polyurethane crosslinker. The increment in alginate content (0–40 wt%) significantly increases the swelling capacity, generating semi-crystalline granular structures with improved storage modulus and resistance to thermal, hydrolytic, and proteolytic degradation. The in vitro bioactivity results indicated that the composition of these novel hydrogels stimulates the metabolic activity of monocytes and fibroblasts, benefiting their proliferation; while in cancer cell lines, it was determined that the composition of these biomaterials decreases the metabolic activity of breast cancer cells after 48 h of stimulation, and for colon cancer cells their metabolic activity decreases after 72 h of contact for the hydrogel with 40 wt% alginate. The matrices show a behavior of multidose release of ketorolac, and a higher concentration of analgesic is released in the semi-IPN matrix. The inhibition capacity of Escherichia coli is higher if the polysaccharide concentration is low (10 wt%). The in vitro wound closure test (scratch test) results indicate that the hydrogel with 20 wt% alginate shows an improvement in wound closure at 15 days of contact. Finally, the bioactivity of mineralization was evaluated to demonstrate that these hydrogels can induce the formation of carbonated apatite on their surface. The engineered hydrogels show biomedical multifunctionality and they could be applied in soft and hard tissue healing strategies, anticancer therapies, and drug release devices.

中文翻译：

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基于胶原蛋白-聚氨酯-海藻酸盐半互穿聚合物网络的智能水凝胶，用于软/硬组织愈合、药物输送装置和抗癌治疗

在这项工作中，对基于胶原-聚氨酯-海藻酸盐的半互穿聚合物网络（半互穿聚合物网络）的水凝胶进行了物理化学研究，并通过不同的生物医学应用方法进行了研究。确定水凝胶状态的基质通过生物聚合物链和聚氨酯交联剂之间形成脲键和酰胺键而交联。海藻酸盐含量的增加（0-40 wt%）显着增加了膨胀能力，产生具有改善的储能模量和抗热、水解和蛋白水解降解能力的半结晶颗粒结构。体外生物活性结果表明，这些新型水凝胶的成分刺激单核细胞和成纤维细胞的代谢活性，有利于它们的增殖；而在癌细胞系中，结果表明，这些生物材料的成分在刺激 48 小时后会降低乳腺癌细胞的代谢活性，而对于结肠癌细胞来说，在水凝胶与 40 wt% 海藻酸盐接触 72 小时后，其代谢活性会降低。该基质表现出酮咯酸多剂量释放的行为，并且在半互穿网络基质中释放更高浓度的镇痛剂。抑制能力为如果多糖浓度较低（10 wt%），大肠杆菌含量较高。体外伤口闭合试验（划痕试验）结果表明，含有 20 wt% 海藻酸盐的水凝胶在接触 15 天后伤口闭合情况有所改善。最后，评估了矿化的生物活性，以证明这些水凝胶可以诱导其表面碳酸磷灰石的形成。工程水凝胶显示出生物医学多功能性，可应用于软组织和硬组织愈合策略、抗癌治疗和药物释放装置。