ABSTRACT

We studied the abandoned mining field in southern Poland using high-resolution lidar images to distinguish the number of mining shaft remains and their morphological diversity. We identified 13,864 remains of mining shafts of various sizes (2–30 m in diameter) and diverse levels of denudation. This allowed us to select 13 mining shafts for detailed study. The radiocarbon dating of charcoal and peat from the shafts indicate three phases of exploitation in the study area: the Roman and early migration period (2nd century b.c.–6th century a.d.), the Middle Ages (6th–14th century a.d.), and the modern period (15th–17th century a.d.). The data on metal ore exploitation in the European Barbaricum is scarce and, in the study area itself, historical written sources indicate the onset of mining only in the 12th century a.d. Therefore, ore exploitation in the study area during the Roman period and early migration period, as well as in the early Middle Ages, is an unexpected result.

摘要

我们使用高分辨率激光雷达图像研究了波兰南部的废弃矿场，以区分矿井遗迹的数量及其形态多样性。我们发现了 13,864 个不同尺寸（直径 2-30 m）和不同剥蚀程度的矿井遗迹。这使我们能够选择 13 个矿井进行详细研究。对竖井中的木炭和泥炭进行的放射性碳测年表明，研究区域的开采分为三个阶段：罗马和早期移民时期（公元前 2 世纪 - 公元 6 世纪）、中世纪（公元6 - 14 世纪）和现代时期（公元15-17世纪））。有关欧洲野蛮人金属矿石开采的数据很少，而且在该研究区域本身，历史书面资料表明采矿始于公元 12世纪。因此，研究区在罗马时期和早期移民时期以及中世纪早期的矿石开采是一个意想不到的结果。