Managing and conserving populations of large carnivores, including gray wolves Canis lupus, often involves making decisions that balance conflicting stakeholder desires. To help inform these decisions, we developed a microhaplotype amplicon sequencing panel consisting of 341 loci. Of these, 321 were selected from candidates identified through restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) with 62 samples collected across Idaho, United States. These loci were selected for high expected heterozygosity in order to inform individual identification and relationship inference. The mean ± SD expected heterozygosity of these loci in a sample of 733 individuals collected in Idaho during 2018–2020 was 0.57 ± 0.09. The 20 additional loci were composed of ten selected for differentiation of western coyotes and wolves, nine selected for differentiation of wolves and domestic dogs, and one locus designed to amplify sry to identify genetic sex. This panel will facilitate monitoring, conservation, and management of gray wolves in the western United States.

管理和保护大型食肉动物种群，包括灰狼Canis lupus，通常涉及做出平衡利益相关者需求冲突的决策。为了帮助做出这些决定，我们开发了一个由 341 个位点组成的微单倍型扩增子测序面板。其中 321 个是从通过限制位点相关 DNA 测序 (RADseq) 鉴定的候选者中选出的，其中 62 个样本是在美国爱达荷州收集的。选择这些基因座具有高预期杂合性，以便为个体识别和关系推断提供信息。在 2018-2020 年期间在爱达荷州收集的 733 个人样本中，这些基因座的平均 ± SD 预期杂合性为 0.57 ± 0.09。额外的 20 个基因座由 10 个选择用于区分西部土狼和狼，9 个选择用于区分狼和家犬，以及一个设计用于扩增sry的基因座组成来鉴定遗传性别。该小组将促进美国西部灰狼的监测、保护和管理。