The ongoing surge in demand for energy conversion and storage spurs the development of high-efficiency batteries. In recent decades, aqueous alkaline batteries (AABs) have been the focus point owing to the high safety, low cost, environmental benefits, impressive output voltage and theoretical energy density. However, the large-scale application of AABs is hindered by the poor cyclability and insufficient capacity utilization, especially in anodes. To circumvent the issues, great research efforts have been dedicated to the electrode design and electrolyte optimization. In this review, reaction mechanisms, modification strategies, application feasibility and existing challenges are systematically summarized and highlighted. Additionally, insightful perspectives and research orientations are proposed for further development of AABs anodes.

中文翻译：

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水性碱性电池阳极的最新进展和挑战

能源转换和存储需求的持续激增刺激了高效电池的发展。近几十年来，水性碱性电池（AAB）因其高安全性、低成本、环境效益、令人印象深刻的输出电压和理论能量密度而成为人们关注的焦点。然而，AABs的大规模应用受到循环性能差和产能利用率不足的阻碍，特别是在负极方面。为了解决这些问题，人们在电极设计和电解质优化方面投入了大量的研究工作。本文对反应机制、修饰策略、应用可行性和存在的挑战进行了系统的总结和强调。此外，还为 AAB 阳极的进一步发展提出了富有洞察力的观点和研究方向。