Abnormal brain-gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role. Microglia are the "sentinels" of the central nervous system (CNS), which participate in tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury, resist central infection and participate in neurogenesis, and are involved in the occurrence of various neurological diseases. With in-depth research on DGBI, we could find an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and microglia and that they are jointly involved in the occurrence of DGBI, especially in individuals with comorbidities of mental disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This bidirectional regulation of microbiota and microglia provides a new direction for the treatment of DGBI. In this review, we focus on the role and underlying mechanism of the interaction between gut microbiota and microglia in DGBI, especially IBS, and the corresponding clinical application prospects and highlight its potential to treat DGBI in individuals with psychiatric comorbidities.

中文翻译：

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“哨兵或同谋”：肠道微生物群和小胶质细胞在肠-脑相互作用障碍中的串扰。

脑肠相互作用异常被认为是肠脑相互作用障碍（DGBI）背后的核心病理机制，其中肠道菌群发挥着重要作用。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的“哨兵”，参与脑外伤引起的组织损伤、抵抗中枢感染和参与神经发生，参与多种神经系统疾病的发生。随着对DGBI的深入研究，我们可以发现肠道菌群和小胶质细胞之间存在相互作用，共同参与DGBI的发生，特别是对于患有肠易激综合征（IBS）等精神疾病合并症的个体。这种微生物群和小胶质细胞的双向调节为 DGBI 的治疗提供了新的方向。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注肠道菌群与小胶质细胞相互作用在 DGBI（尤其是 IBS）中的作用和潜在机制，以及相应的临床应用前景，并强调其治疗患有精神共病的 DGBI 的潜力。