In modern medicine, vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies to prevent infectious diseases. Indisputably, vaccines have saved millions of lives by reducing the burden of many serious infections such as polio, tuberculosis, measles, pneumonia, and tetanus. Despite the recent recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) to roll out RTS,S/AS01, this malaria vaccine still faces major challenges of variability in its efficacy partly due to high genetic variation in humans and malaria parasites. Immune responses to malaria vary between individuals and populations. Human genetic variation in immune system genes is the probable cause for this heterogeneity. In this review, we will focus on human genetic factors that determine variable responses to vaccination and how variation in immune system genes affect the immunogenicity and efficacy of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine.

在现代医学中，疫苗接种是预防传染病最有效的公共卫生策略之一。毋庸置疑，疫苗通过减轻脊髓灰质炎、肺结核、麻疹、肺炎和破伤风等许多严重感染的负担，挽救了数百万人的生命。尽管世界卫生组织 (WHO) 最近建议推出 RTS,S/AS01，但这种疟疾疫苗仍面临其功效可变性的重大挑战，部分原因是人类和疟疾寄生虫的高度遗传变异。对疟疾的免疫反应因个体和人群而异。免疫系统基因的人类遗传变异是造成这种异质性的可能原因。在这篇评论中，