Recent research has criticized medieval Jewish thought for perpetuating misogynist models inherited from Aristotle, which legitimate men’s domination of women. Critics have focused on hylomorphism. By identifying man with “form” and women with “matter,” Aristotle and his disciples placed the former beside being, intellect, and activity, and the latter beside privation, irrationality, and passivity. This article shows how, during the Renaissance, hylomorphism was transformed by Judah Loew ben Betzalel (Maharal of Prague; 1512?–1609) in a manner more favorable to women. Maharal’s thought still has a patriarchal worldview; nevertheless, he recognizes a positive value to matter, the body, and sexuality, assigning woman an active role within the marital couple as well as in the historical process that leads to redemption.

中文翻译：

---

布拉格马哈拉尔思想中的女性观念

最近的研究批评中世纪的犹太人思想延续了从亚里士多德那里继承下来的厌恶女性的模式，这种模式使男性对女性的统治合法化。批评者关注的是同质同构。通过将男人等同于“形式”，将女人等同于“物质”，亚里士多德和他的门徒将前者与存在、智力和活动并列，将后者与匮乏、非理性和被动性并列。这篇文章展示了在文艺复兴时期，Judah Loew ben Betzalel（布拉格的马哈拉尔；1512 年？–1609 年）如何以对女性更有利的方式改造了同质同构。马哈拉尔的思想仍然具有父权世界观；尽管如此，他还是认识到物质、身体和性的积极价值，赋予女性在婚姻夫妻以及导致救赎的历史进程中的积极作用。