Avolition and anhedonia are core symptoms across psychosis and mood disorders. One important mechanism thought to relate to these symptoms is effort-cost decision-making (ECDM), the valuation and estimation of work required to obtain a given reward. While recent work suggests impairments in ECDM in both mood disorders and psychosis relative to controls, limited work has taken a transdiagnostic approach to examine how these deficits relate to different symptom profiles across disorders. The present study investigated ECDM across schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (N = 33), bipolar disorder (N = 47), unipolar depression (N = 61), and healthy controls (N = 58) to examine willingness to expend physical effort. Moreover, we examined the relationship between ECDM and motivation and pleasure symptoms across participants. We found that people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder showed a reduced willingness to expend physical effort at high reward values relative to controls, while as a group, those with depression showed no differences relative to controls. However, individual differences in self-reported motivation and pleasure predicted reduced ECDM, particularly at high reward values, suggesting that both severity of symptoms and diagnostic categories are important for understanding altered ECDM in psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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精神病和情绪障碍的努力成本决策。

意志力和快感缺乏是精神病和情绪障碍的核心症状。被认为与这些症状相关的一个重要机制是努力成本决策 (ECDM)，即对获得给定奖励所需的工作进行估价和估计。虽然最近的研究表明 ECDM 在情绪障碍和精神病方面的损伤相对于对照组，但有限的工作采用了跨诊断方法来检查这些缺陷如何与跨障碍的不同症状特征相关。本研究调查了精神分裂症/分裂情感障碍 (N = 33)、双相情感障碍 (N = 47)、单相抑郁症 (N = 61) 和健康对照 (N = 58) 中的 ECDM，以检查消耗体力的意愿。此外，我们研究了 ECDM 与参与者的动机和愉悦症状之间的关系。我们发现，与对照组相比，患有精神分裂症和双相情感障碍的人在获得高奖励值时花费体力的意愿降低，而作为一个群体，患有抑郁症的人与对照组相比没有差异。然而，自我报告的动机和快乐方面的个体差异预示着 ECDM 的减少，特别是在高奖励值时，这表明症状的严重程度和诊断类别对于理解精神病理学中改变的 ECDM 很重要。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。自我报告的动机和快乐的个体差异预测 ECDM 减少，特别是在高奖励值时，这表明症状的严重程度和诊断类别对于理解精神病理学中改变的 ECDM 很重要。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。自我报告的动机和快乐的个体差异预测 ECDM 减少，特别是在高奖励值时，这表明症状的严重程度和诊断类别对于理解精神病理学中改变的 ECDM 很重要。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。