Every year, ∼2,000 people are killed by lightning in India, with rural areas accounting for 94% of all lightning deaths. In rural locations, a weather and lightning alert system is crucial for alerting and raising awareness about severe weather and lightning. Only a few states in India have expensive lightning alert systems that send out alerts via SMS and mobile apps. Due to a lack of information about weather alert apps, poor network facility, low literacy, and less usage of smartphones, existing alert mechanisms is not reaching all rural populations. As a result, there is a need to build a low-cost lightning alert system in rural areas that alerts and creates awareness in advance about lightning to rural residents using a variety of alerting methods, such as announcements, sirens, WhatsApp, voice call alerts, and email, in addition to existing alert methods to overcome limitations of existing systems. In order to achieve this, we have developed an IoT- and long range (LoRa)-based weather stations, gateways, and announcement systems using ESP32, nanosensors (DHT11, BMP180, rain sensor, and LDR), lightning detector (AS3935), lightning emulator, Arduino Nano, SD card module, and speakers. This prototype is tested in real time by creating lightning radiation using an emulator shield and by monitoring environmental parameters. It sends an alert to authorized persons/village government officials/rural communities through WhatsApp, email, and voice call about abnormal weather situations with the help of cloud platforms. It also alerts and creates safety awareness to rural people in advance about lightning/critical weather condition through announcement system using loudspeakers. In the future, the proposed system will be trained using artificial intelligence to predict the lightning and other hazardous weather situations in advance and alert rural residents about critical weather conditions in early.

中文翻译：

---

使用 LoRa 和物联网技术与纳米传感器对印度农村地区的闪电和天气警报方法进行实验评估

在印度，每年约有 2,000 人死于闪电，其中农村地区占所有闪电死亡人数的 94%。在农村地区，天气和闪电警报系统对于提醒和提高对恶劣天气和闪电的认识至关重要。印度只有少数几个邦拥有昂贵的闪电警报系统，可通过短信和移动应用程序发送警报。由于缺乏有关天气警报应用程序的信息、网络设施差、识字率低和智能手机使用率低，现有的警报机制并未覆盖所有农村人口。因此，需要在农村地区建立一个低成本的雷电警报系统，通过广播、警报器、WhatsApp、语音呼叫警报等多种警报方式向农村居民发出警报并提前提高他们对雷电的认识。 , 和电子邮件, 除了现有的警报方法之外，还可以克服现有系统的局限性。为了实现这一目标，我们使用 ESP32、纳米传感器（DHT11、BMP180、雨量传感器和 LDR）、闪电探测器（AS3935）开发了基于物联网和远程 (LoRa) 的气象站、网关和公告系统，闪电模拟器、Arduino Nano、SD 卡模块和扬声器。该原型通过使用仿真器屏蔽产生闪电辐射并通过监测环境参数进行实时测试。它借助云平台通过WhatsApp、电子邮件和语音电话向授权人员/村政府官员/农村社区发送有关异常天气情况的警报。它还通过使用扬声器的广播系统提前提醒农村人注意雷电/恶劣天气情况并提高安全意识。未来，拟议的系统将使用人工智能进行训练，以提前预测闪电和其他危险天气情况，并及早提醒农村居民注意恶劣的天气状况。