This article explores how 19th century railways shaped population dynamics in Spain. Results showed that the municipalities closest to stations experienced significantly greater population growth. However, this effect was heterogeneous over time and depended on the territorial specificities and municipal features of the areas traversed. It was greatest in densely populated and industrializing areas, and in the valleys and the coast, although it also remained relevant in less dynamic contexts. These findings suggest that railways likely stimulated factor mobility and economies of agglomeration. However, this technology also reinforced existing hierarchies thus exacerbating an unequal distribution of the population in space.

中文翻译：

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在正确的轨道上？西班牙的铁路和人口动态，1860–1930 年

本文探讨了 19 世纪的铁路如何影响西班牙的人口动态。结果表明，离车站最近的城市人口增长明显更快。然而，随着时间的推移，这种影响是异质的，并且取决于穿越地区的地域特性和市政特征。它在人口稠密和工业化地区以及山谷和沿海地区最为明显，尽管它在动态较弱的环境中也仍然具有相关性。这些发现表明，铁路可能会刺激要素流动和集聚经济。然而，这项技术也加强了现有的等级制度，从而加剧了空间人口分布的不平等。