Researchers have leveraged magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs) to explore neural circuits and treat neurological diseases via an approach known as MNMs-mediated neuromodulation. Here, the magneto-responsive effects of MNMs to an external magnetic field are manipulated to activate or inhibit neuronal cell activity. In this way, MNMs can serve as a nano-mediator, by converting electromagnetic energy into heat, mechanical force/torque, and an electrical field at nanoscale. These physicochemical effects can stimulate ion channels and activate precise signaling pathways involved in neuromodulation. In this review, we outline the various ion channels and MNMs that have been applied to MNMs-mediated neuromodulation. We highlight the recent advances made in this technique and its potential applications, and then discuss the current challenges and future directions of MNMs-mediated neuromodulation. Our aim is to reveal the potential of MNMs to treat neurological diseases in the clinical setting.

中文翻译：

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磁性纳米材料介导的神经调节

研究人员利用磁性纳米材料 (MNM) 来探索神经回路，并通过一种称为 MNM 介导的神经调节的方法来治疗神经系统疾病。在这里，MNM 对外部磁场的磁响应效应被操纵来激活或抑制神经元细胞活动。通过这种方式，MNM 可以充当纳米介体，将电磁能转化为纳米尺度的热量、机械力/扭矩和电场。这些物理化学效应可以刺激离子通道并激活参与神经调节的精确信号通路。在这篇综述中，我们概述了应用于 MNM 介导的神经调节的各种离子通道和 MNM。我们重点介绍这项技术的最新进展及其潜在应用，然后讨论 MNM 介导的神经调节当前的挑战和未来的方向。我们的目标是揭示 MNM 在临床环境中治疗神经系统疾病的潜力。