The extent of modification of wet grip of tire tread rubber by safe aromatic process oils has been the subject of controversy, as this property has conventionally been judged by indirect methods such as the loss factor at 0 °C. The present work aims to directly measure the dry and wet frictional behavior of rubbers containing various loadings of distillate aromatic extract (DAE) or treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) and to elucidate the contributions resulting from the adhesion and the hysteretic terms of friction. Physico-mechanical tests including rubber hardness, rubber–substrate work of adhesion, rubber–oil compatibility, hysteretic properties, and the rubber glass transition temperature were evaluated to disclose the underlying friction mechanisms. Interestingly, TDAE-containing rubbers presented a comparable or even better hysteretic friction not only at low oil loadings but also at high oil levels. As the loss factor properties of DAE and TDAE are very close to each other and there is the possibility of a crossover point within the frictional zone, care must be exercised not to merely rely on the values of tanδ at 0 °C in judging the preference of DAE or TDAE with regard to the wet grip performance.

安全芳烃加工油对轮胎胎面橡胶湿抓地力的改性程度一直存在争议，因为该性能通常通过间接方法（例如 0 °C 时的损失系数）来判断。目前的工作旨在直接测量含有不同载量的馏出芳烃提取物 (DAE) 或经过处理的馏出芳烃提取物 (TDAE) 的橡胶的干摩擦和湿摩擦行为，并阐明摩擦的粘附和滞后项所产生的贡献。评估了物理机械测试，包括橡胶硬度、橡胶与基材的粘合功、橡胶与油的相容性、滞后特性和橡胶玻璃化转变温度，以揭示潜在的摩擦机制。有趣的是，含 TDAE 的橡胶不仅在低油量下而且在高油量下都表现出相当甚至更好的滞后摩擦。由于 DAE 和 TDAE 的损耗因子特性彼此非常接近，并且摩擦区内可能存在交叉点，因此必须注意不要仅依赖 0 °C 时的 tanδ 值来判断偏好DAE 或 TDAE 的湿地抓地力性能。