ABSTRACT

Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) are prevalent in environmental waters, but current analytical techniques are unable to identify and quantify all individual HOCs. To enhance the understanding of unregulated and unknown HOCs, total organic halogen (TOX) is proposed as a total quantity index for the overall content of HOCs in waters, and has achieved significant progresses. This paper presents a review of TOX analysis from perspectives of detection and pretreatment methods, including the measurement of halide ion (IX) or TOX content by several instruments; separation methods with enrichment based on activated carbon-adsorption, solid-phase extraction, and liquid-liquid extraction, as well as without enrichment based on the subtraction method and IX removal. The relevant fundamentals, operational processes, and key influencing factors are especially concerned. This review should be useful in understanding TOX analysis and the risk of HOCs in waters, and calls for developing more efficient TOX measurement approaches in the future.

摘要

卤化有机化合物 (HOC) 在环境水域中普遍存在，但目前的分析技术无法识别和量化所有单独的 HOC。为了加强对不受管制和未知的HOCs的理解，提出了总有机卤素（TOX）作为水中HOCs总体含量的总量指标，并取得了重大进展。本文从检测和预处理方法的角度对 TOX 分析进行了综述，包括使用多种仪器测量卤化物离子 (IX) 或 TOX 含量；基于活性炭吸附、固相萃取和液-液萃取的富集分离方法，以及基于减法和 IX 去除的非富集分离方法。相关的基本原理、操作流程、尤其关注关键影响因素。这篇综述应该有助于理解 TOX 分析和水中 HOC 的风险，并呼吁在未来开发更有效的 TOX 测量方法。