The Amazon basin is one of the largest hydrographic systems in the world, possessing a great diversity of natural resources in need of more sustainable water and environmental management. However, as much of what lies beneath the surface of Amazonian waters is still unexplored, underwater exploration technologies are seen as a means of research and monitoring. The present work therefore aims to answer two research questions: What are the current technologies that could be implemented for unmanned underwater research in the Amazon waters? What are the main limitations and existing alternatives for using unmanned underwater vehicles in the rivers of this region to provide more sustainable water and environment management? Our results demonstrate that remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are possible options in the short and long terms, respectively. The main challenges in implementing these technologies are related to the variations in hydraulic geometry, current velocities and turbidity of the rivers, as well as the preservation of the region's biodiversity. This research can be taken as a starting point for planners and decision makers seeking more sustainable underwater and environmental exploration of the Amazon river system.

中文翻译：

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亚马逊流域无人水下航行器研究的挑战和替代方案：实现水资源和环境的更可持续管理

亚马逊流域是世界上最大的水文系统之一，拥有多种多样的自然资源，需要更可持续的水和环境管理。然而，由于亚马逊水域表面下的大部分区域仍未勘探，水下勘探技术被视为研究和监测的一种手段。因此，目前的工作旨在回答两个研究问题：目前可以在亚马逊水域进行无人水下研究的技术有哪些？在该地区的河流中使用无人水下航行器以提供更可持续的水和环境管理的主要局限性和现有替代方案是什么？我们的结果表明，从短期和长期来看，遥控潜水器（ROV）和自主水下航行器（AUV）分别是可能的选择。实施这些技术的主要挑战与河流的水力几何形状、流速和浊度的变化以及该地区生物多样性的保护有关。这项研究可以作为规划者和决策者寻求对亚马逊河系统进行更可持续的水下和环境探索的起点。