Diet and nutrition have a substantial impact on the human microbiome, and interact with the microbiome, especially gut microbiome, to modulate various diseases and health status. Microbiome research has also guided the nutrition field to a more integrative direction, becoming an essential component of the rising area of precision nutrition. In this review, we provide a broad insight into the interplay among diet, nutrition, microbiome, and microbial metabolites for their roles in the human health. Among the microbiome epidemiological studies regarding the associations of diet and nutrition with microbiome and its derived metabolites, we summarize those most reliable findings and highlight evidence for the relationships between diet and disease-associated microbiome and its functional readout. Then, the latest advances of the microbiome-based precision nutrition research and multidisciplinary integration are described. Finally, we discuss several outstanding challenges and opportunities in the field of nutri-microbiome epidemiology.

中文翻译：

---

营养微生物组流行病学是一个新兴领域，旨在阐明营养与微生物组之间的相互作用对人类健康的影响。

饮食和营养对人体微生物组有重大影响，并与微生物组，特别是肠道微生物组相互作用，调节各种疾病和健康状况。微生物组研究也引导营养领域向更加一体化的方向发展，成为精准营养新兴领域的重要组成部分。在这篇综述中，我们对饮食、营养、微生物组和微生物代谢物之间的相互作用及其在人类健康中的作用提供了广泛的见解。在有关饮食和营养与微生物组及其衍生代谢物之间关系的微生物组流行病学研究中，我们总结了这些最可靠的发现，并强调了饮食与疾病相关微生物组及其功能读数之间关系的证据。然后介绍了基于微生物组的精准营养研究和多学科融合的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了营养微生物流行病学领域的几个突出挑战和机遇。