Scholarly evidence on the causes of state-run unemployment insurance development is sometimes contradictory and disconnected, preventing our understanding of union-run unemployment insurance development. A set-theoretic approach based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) can model the business–labor interaction in the development of union unemployment funds, revealing two paths by comparing 11 sectors in 20th-century France. In skill-intensive, low-risk firms, union funds developed only when unionization rates were low. In small, low-risk factories, funds developed regardless of workers’ wages. The sociability fostered by small unions and factories allowed for social control, reducing psychological barriers to insurance scheme establishment. By comparing the business–labor combinations in different industries, this study demonstrates the “variety of unionism” hidden beneath the existing macro cross-national evidence.

中文翻译：

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各种工会主义？

关于国营失业保险发展的原因的学术证据有时是相互矛盾和不连贯的，这妨碍了我们对工会失业保险发展的理解。基于定性比较分析的集合论方法（品质保障局) 可以模拟工会失业基金发展中的企业-劳工互动，通过比较 20 世纪法国的 11 个部门揭示两条路径。在技​​能密集型、低风险的公司中，工会基金只有在工会化率较低时才会发展。在小型、低风险的工厂，资金的发展与工人的工资无关。小型工会和工厂培养的社交性允许社会控制，减少保险计划建立的心理障碍。通过比较不同行业的企业-劳工组合，本研究展示了隐藏在现有宏观跨国证据之下的“工会主义的多样性”。