The theory of anomie has two main theorists: Durkheim, its founder, and Merton, who developed it. However, Durkheim’s theory of anomie is very different from Merton’s. This difference has been largely ignored due to the dominance of Merton’s theory in sociological research. The purpose of this article is to explain these theories and to explore their differences. This article shows that the differences between Durkheim’s and Merton’s theories of anomie are mainly in explaining anomie, precedence and latency of factors, studied societies, origin of aspirations, impact of poverty and class on anomie and scope of explanation. The ignorance of these theoretical differences has led to ambiguities in meaning and differences in the definition and measuring methods for anomie, while each of these theories has distinct capabilities that, by better understanding these differences, can be used to research a range of social issues such as social deviations.

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涂尔干和默顿的失范理论

失范理论有两个主要的理论家：创始人涂尔干和发展它的默顿。然而，涂尔干的失范理论与默顿的非常不同。由于默顿理论在社会学研究中的主导地位，这种差异在很大程度上被忽略了。本文的目的是解释这些理论并探讨它们的差异。本文表明涂尔干与默顿失范理论的差异主要在于对失范的解释、因素的先行与潜伏、所研究的社会、愿望的起源、贫困和阶级对失范的影响以及解释的范围。对这些理论差异的无知导致了意义的含糊不清以及失范定义和测量方法的差异，而这些理论中的每一个都有不同的能力，