ABSTRACT

Recycling organic waste can help the land be nourished, properly disposed of, and protected from the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers. Organic additions like vermicompost can help restore and preserve the quality of the soil, however, producing vermicompost of a high enough standard is difficult. This study was planned to prepare vermicompost by utilizing two different organic wastes viz. household waste and organic residue amended with rock phosphate and further evaluate their stability and maturity indices during vermicomposting for quality of produce. For this study, the organic wastes were collected and vermicompost was prepared by using earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and with or without enriching with rock phosphate. Results showed that pH, bulk density, and biodegradability index were decreased and water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity was increased with the gradual progress of composting starting from 30 to 120 days of sampling/composting (DAS). Initially (upto 30 DAS) water-soluble carbon and water-soluble carbohydrate increased with rock phosphate enrichment. The population of the earthworms and enzymatic activities (CO₂ evolution, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase) were also increased on enriching with rock phosphate and with the progression of the composting period. Rock phosphate addition (enrichment) also reflected the higher content of phosphorus (106% and 120% for household waste and organic residue, respectively) in the final product of vermicompost. The vermicompost prepared from household waste and enriched with rock phosphate showed greater maturity and stability indices. Overall, this can be concluded that the maturity and stability of vermicompost depend on the substrate used and improves on enriching with rock phosphate.

Implications: Our study concludes that the quality of vermicompost depends on different substrates, composting period, and enrichment with rock phosphate. The qualities of vermicompost were best found under household waste-based vermicompost enriched with rock phosphate. The efficiency of vermicomposting process using earthworms was found maximum for enriched and without enriched household-based vermicompost. The study also indicated that several stability and maturity indices are influenced by different parameters and hence cannot be determined by a single parameter. The addition of rock phosphate increased the cation exchange capacity, phosphorus content, and alkaline phosphatase. Nitrogen, zinc, manganese, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were found higher under household waste-based vermicompost relative to organic residue-based vermicompost. All four substrates promoted earthworm growth and reproduction in vermicompost.

摘要

回收有机废物可以帮助土地得到滋养、妥善处置并免受化肥的负面影响。蚯蚓堆肥等有机添加物可以帮助恢复和保持土壤质量，但是生产足够高标准的蚯蚓堆肥很困难。这项研究计划利用两种不同的有机废物（即蚯蚓堆肥）来制备蚯蚓堆肥。用磷矿粉改良生活垃圾和有机残渣，并进一步评估其在蚯蚓堆肥过程中的稳定性和成熟度指数，以确保产品质量。在本研究中，收集了有机废物并使用蚯蚓（Eisenia fetida ）制备了蚯蚓堆肥）以及有或没有富集磷酸岩。结果表明，从采样/堆肥（DAS）30天到120天，随着堆肥的逐渐进行，pH、堆积密度和生物降解性指数降低，持水能力和阳离子交换能力增加。最初（高达 30 DAS）水溶性碳和水溶性碳水化合物随着磷矿富集而增加。蚯蚓数量和酶活性（CO ₂随着磷酸岩的富集和堆肥期的进展，进化酶、脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶也有所增加。磷矿粉的添加（富集）也反映了蚯蚓堆肥最终产品中磷含量较高（生活垃圾和有机残留物分别为 106% 和 120%）。由生活垃圾制备并富含磷矿的蚯蚓堆肥表现出更高的成熟度和稳定性指数。总体而言，可以得出这样的结论：蚯蚓堆肥的成熟度和稳定性取决于所使用的基质，并通过磷矿粉的富集而得到改善。

影响：我们的研究得出的结论是，蚯蚓堆肥的质量取决于不同的基质、堆肥周期和磷矿的富集程度。蚯蚓堆肥的品质在富含磷酸盐的家庭垃圾蚯蚓堆肥中最为明显。发现使用蚯蚓进行蚯蚓堆肥过程的效率在浓缩和未浓缩的家庭蚯蚓堆肥中最高。研究还表明，几个稳定性和成熟度指标受到不同参数的影响，因此不能由单个参数确定。磷矿粉的添加增加了阳离子交换容量、磷含量和碱性磷酸酶。与有机残渣蚯蚓堆肥相比，生活垃圾蚯蚓堆肥中的氮、锌、锰、脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶含量更高。