This research aimed to examine the relationship between financial inclusion (FNI), technological innovation (TIN), and natural resources (NRS) and their impact on environmental degradation in the 45-belt and road initiative (BRI) region from 2001 to 2018. The study utilized advanced econometric techniques, including the generalized method of moments–panel vector autoregressive, as well as traditional methods such as ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares, to examine the relationship between these factors and environmental degradation, measured by carbon footprint (CFP) and ecological footprint (EFP). The long-run estimate confirms that NRS and FNI appear to have led to higher regional CFPs and EFP pressure. Meanwhile, the relationship with TIN, economic governance institutions (government effectiveness and regularity quality), and human capital contribute to overcoming environmental degradation and increasing environmental sustainability. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers and central authorities in the BRI region to address environmental degradation and promote sustainable development.

中文翻译：

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“一带一路”经济体的技术创新、自然资源、金融普惠和环境退化

本研究旨在探讨 2001 年至 2018 年 45 个一带一路 (BRI) 地区金融普惠 (FNI)、技术创新 (TIN) 和自然资源 (NRS) 之间的关系及其对环境退化的影响。研究利用先进的计量经济学技术，包括广义矩面板向量自回归方法，以及普通最小二乘法和动态普通最小二乘法等传统方法，来研究这些因素与环境退化之间的关系，通过碳足迹（CFP）来衡量）和生态足迹（EFP）。长期估计证实，NRS 和 FNI 似乎导致了地区 CFP 和 EFP 压力上升。同时，与TIN、经济治理机构（政府有效性和规律性质量）的关系，人力资本有助于克服环境退化和提高环境可持续性。这项研究的结果对于“一带一路”地区的政策制定者和中央当局解决环境退化问题和促进可持续发展具有重要意义。